Publication Decision

Editors decide which submissions are published, guided by editorial policies and legal requirements (defamation, copyright, plagiarism). Consultation with other editors or reviewers may be undertaken when needed.

Fair Review

Manuscripts are evaluated solely on intellectual content, irrespective of the author’s identity or beliefs.

Confidentiality

Information about submissions is shared only with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisors, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submission must not be used in the editor’s own research without written consent from the author.

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review assists editors in making decisions and helps authors improve manuscripts through constructive feedback.

Timeliness

Reviewers who feel unqualified or unable to meet the deadline should promptly notify the editor and withdraw.

Confidentiality

Manuscripts under review are confidential and must not be shown or discussed with others except as authorized.

Objectivity Standards

Reviews should be objective; personal criticism is inappropriate. Opinions must be clearly expressed with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Reviewers identify relevant published work not cited by authors and alert editors to substantial similarity or overlap.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Information or ideas obtained during review must remain confidential and not be used for personal gain. Reviewers must decline manuscripts where conflicts exist.

Reporting Standards

Original research must accurately present the work performed and discuss its significance objectively, with sufficient detail and references to enable replication.

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure the work is entirely original; where others’ work or words are used, proper citation or quotation is required.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors must not publish the same research in more than one journal or submit the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Proper acknowledgment of others’ work is mandatory. Authors must cite publications that have influenced their research.

Authorship of the Paper

Authorship is limited to those who significantly contributed to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation. All significant contributors are listed as co-authors; others are acknowledged. The corresponding author ensures proper authorship and final approval.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose financial or other substantive conflicts that could influence results or interpretation; all funding sources must be stated.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works

When a significant error is discovered, the author must promptly notify the editor or publisher and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.