Editorial Responsibilities

Publication Decision
The editor is responsible for deciding which submitted articles should be published. This decision is guided by the editorial board’s policies and legal requirements, including issues related to defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editors may consult with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. Fair Review
Editors evaluate manuscripts solely based on their intellectual content, regardless of the author’s race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, nationality, or political ideology. Confidentiality
Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisors, and the publisher as necessary. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in the editor's own research without the written consent of the author.

Reviewer Responsibilities

Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Peer review assists editors in making editorial decisions and may also help authors improve their manuscripts through feedback. Timeliness
Any selected reviewer who feels unqualified to review the manuscript or knows that timely review will be impossible should notify the editor and withdraw from the process. Confidentiality
Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. Objectivity Standards
Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their opinions clearly with supporting arguments. Acknowledgment of Sources
Reviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument has been previously reported should be accompanied by the appropriate citation. Reviewers must also alert editors of any significant similarity or overlap between the manuscript and any other published paper they are aware of. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
Information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal gain. Reviewers should not review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the manuscript.

Author Responsibilities

Reporting Standards
Authors of original research must present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper, which must include sufficient detail and references to allow replication. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior. Originality and Plagiarism
Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work. If authors have used the work or words of others, appropriate citation or quotation must be provided. Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication
An author should not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously is unethical and unacceptable. Acknowledgment of Sources
Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors must cite publications that have been influential in shaping the research. Authorship of the Paper
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors. Others who have participated in certain aspects of the research should be acknowledged as contributors. The corresponding author must ensure that all appropriate co-authors are included and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
All authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support must be disclosed. Fundamental Errors in Published Works
If an author discovers a significant error in a published work, it is their obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.